CEA Nursing Practice Exam

Which risk factor is most commonly associated with unstable angina?

1. Age

2. Diabetes mellitus

3. Smoking

4. Obesity

The correct answer is: Diabetes mellitus

Unstable angina is primarily associated with a significant risk factor in the context of underlying coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus plays a crucial role in this relationship. Individuals with diabetes often suffer from alterations in vascular health, including endothelial dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis, which heightens the risk of cardiovascular events such as angina. The metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes can lead to chronic inflammation, increased thrombogenicity, and other pathophysiological changes that elevate the likelihood of unstable angina. While age, smoking, and obesity are also important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus is notable for its direct impact on the coronary vessels and its association with a more severe presentation of coronary artery disease. As diabetes progresses, it can lead to more frequent episodes of unstable angina due to the rapid development of ischemic episodes stemming from these vascular changes. Therefore, recognizing the influence of diabetes is vital in evaluating a patient's risk for unstable angina.