CEA Nursing Practice Exam

Which level might elevate to potentially life-threatening levels in hypertensive patients on lisinopril?

1. BNP

2. Calcium

3. Pro-BNP

4. Potassium

The correct answer is: Potassium

In hypertensive patients taking lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, there is a risk of elevated potassium levels. Lisinopril works by inhibiting the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. However, this mechanism can also decrease the kidney's ability to excrete potassium, potentially resulting in hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can be dangerous because high levels of potassium can cause cardiac arrhythmias and other serious complications, making it a life-threatening condition if not addressed. Regular monitoring of potassium levels in patients on lisinopril is vital to prevent adverse effects, particularly in those with pre-existing renal impairment or other risk factors for hyperkalemia. While levels of BNP and Pro-BNP may be important in managing heart failure and may fluctuate based on cardiac stress or volume overload, they do not pose the same immediate life-threatening risk when elevated as hyperkalemia does. Calcium levels, while important for overall health and muscle function, are not typically significantly affected by lisinopril in the context of hypertensive treatment.