CEA Nursing Practice Exam

When assessing for mononucleosis, which physical examination finding is crucial?

1. Increased abdominal girth.

2. Enlarged spleen on palpation.

3. Pale conjunctiva.

4. Rash on extremities.

The correct answer is: Enlarged spleen on palpation.

When assessing for mononucleosis, the presence of an enlarged spleen on palpation is a crucial physical examination finding. Mononucleosis, often caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), can lead to splenomegaly, which is an enlargement of the spleen. The spleen plays a vital role in the immune system, and its enlargement can indicate that the body is responding to infection. During the physical exam, palpation of the abdomen may reveal tenderness or discomfort in the left upper quadrant if the spleen is significantly enlarged. This finding is important because an enlarged spleen can complicate the clinical picture by increasing the risk of splenic rupture, especially if the patient engages in contact sports or physical activity. Recognizing splenomegaly allows healthcare providers to educate patients on necessary precautions and monitor their condition closely. Other physical findings such as increased abdominal girth, pale conjunctiva, or a rash on extremities may occur in various conditions but are not as directly indicative of mononucleosis as splenomegaly. Therefore, the identification of an enlarged spleen is a key aspect of the assessment for this condition.