CEA Nursing Practice Exam

What is the most appropriate response for a patient reporting high blood pressure with a history of poor kidney function when treated with antihypertensives?

1. Advise for lifestyle changes only

2. Consider evaluation for renal artery stenosis

3. Immediate referral to a specialist

4. Start on a new antihypertensive medication

The correct answer is: Consider evaluation for renal artery stenosis

Considering the patient's history of poor kidney function and reported high blood pressure, evaluating for renal artery stenosis is crucial. Renal artery stenosis can significantly contribute to hypertension, especially in individuals with pre-existing kidney issues. This condition occurs when one or both arteries supplying blood to the kidneys become narrowed, which can lead to increased blood pressure as the kidneys struggle to receive adequate blood flow. By investigating renal artery stenosis, healthcare providers can determine if this is a factor exacerbating the patient's hypertension. Such an assessment would typically involve imaging studies, such as ultrasound or angiography, to visualize the renal arteries. This approach is more appropriate than solely advising lifestyle changes, as those may not sufficiently address hypertension stemmed from a physiological problem like renal artery stenosis. While an immediate referral to a specialist could be warranted in complex cases, the initial step of evaluation allows for a clearer understanding of the underlying issues before determining the best course of treatment. Starting a new antihypertensive medication without understanding the cause could potentially lead to complications, especially in a patient with a history of poor kidney function. Therefore, focusing on evaluation guides the healthcare provider in managing both the hypertension and the patient’s renal health effectively.