CEA Nursing Practice Exam

Which condition is characterized by fluid retention due to renal impairment?

1. Hypertension

2. Heart failure

3. Edema

4. Diabetes

The correct answer is: Edema

The condition characterized by fluid retention due to renal impairment is edema. Edema refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the body's tissues, which can occur when the kidneys are unable to effectively filter and remove waste and excess fluids from the bloodstream. When renal function is compromised, the body retains fluid and sodium, leading to swelling in various parts of the body, such as the legs, ankles, and abdomen. While other conditions may also involve fluid retention, edema specifically arises when fluid accumulates in response to renal issues. Hypertension often exists alongside fluid retention but is primarily a condition marked by elevated blood pressure rather than by fluid accumulation itself. Heart failure could lead to edema as a secondary symptom, but it is mainly a cardiac condition that can result in fluid buildup due to the heart's inability to pump effectively. Diabetes can lead to complications affecting kidney function over time but is primarily characterized by high blood sugar levels rather than direct fluid retention linked to renal impairment. Thus, edema stands out as the condition that directly indicates fluid retention due to renal issues.