CEA Nursing Practice Exam

What is the first-line treatment for acute migraine attacks?

1. Acetaminophen

2. Ibuprofen

3. Aspirin

4. Sumatriptan

The correct answer is: Sumatriptan

The first-line treatment for acute migraine attacks is sumatriptan. This medication is part of a class known as triptans, which are specifically designed to target the underlying pathophysiological processes involved in migraine headaches. Triptans work by acting as agonists at serotonin receptors, which helps to alleviate migraine symptoms by causing vasoconstriction of dilated intracranial blood vessels, thereby reducing headache intensity. Sumatriptan is particularly effective because it can provide significant relief for moderate to severe migraine attacks that have not responded sufficiently to over-the-counter pain relievers. Its rapid onset of action also makes it beneficial for treating acute episodes, allowing patients to return to regular activities more quickly. While acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and aspirin can be helpful for mild to moderate headaches, they do not specifically target the migraine mechanism as effectively as triptans do. Therefore, they are not considered first-line treatments for acute migraine episodes, especially when the migraines are severe or when patients do not achieve adequate relief with these medications.